lion and sun

The Lion and Sun flag (Shir-o-Khorshid) is one of the most famous symbols in Iranian history. Its origins stretch back centuries, although the exact meaning of the emblem evolved over time.

Origins of the Lion and Sun Symbol

The Lion and Sun motif first appeared in the Islamic period of Iranian history, around the 12th century, influenced by Persian astronomy and astrology. It represented the Sun in the zodiac sign of Leo (the Lion).

Over time, Iranians gave the symbol national and cultural meanings beyond astrology.

Evolution Through Iranian Dynasties
Safavid Dynasty (1501–1736)
The Lion and Sun began appearing on Iranian banners and coins.
It also acquired Shi\'a interpretations, with the lion sometimes associated with Imam Ali.
Qajar Dynasty (1789–1925)
The emblem became firmly established as a national symbol of Iran.
During this period, the lion was often shown holding a sword, representing strength and defence of the nation.
The sun came to symbolize royal glory, prosperity, and the ancient Iranian concept of divine kingship.
Constitutional Revolution (1906)
Iran officially adopted the green, white, and red tricolour flag.
The Lion and Sun emblem occupied the centre of the flag.
Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1979)
The Lion and Sun flag became the internationally recognised national flag of Iran.
The design was standardized and widely used by government institutions, embassies, military forces, and sports teams.
After the 1979 Revolution

Following the Iranian Revolution, the Lion and Sun emblem was officially removed and replaced with the current emblem of the Islamic Republic.

The historic flag was banned from official use within Iran. However, it continued to be used by many Iranians outside the country as a symbol of:

Iranian national identity,
historical continuity,
opposition to the Islamic Republic,
or support for the restoration of constitutional monarchy.

Different groups use it for different reasons. Some associate it with the Reza Pahlavi and the Pahlavi era, while others regard it more broadly as a symbol of Iran\'s pre-revolutionary national heritage.

Meaning of the Elements

🦁 Lion

Courage and heroism,
Protection of the nation,
In some interpretations, association with Imam Ali.

☀️ Sun

Light and prosperity,
Ancient Persian concepts of divine glory (Farr-e Izadi),
Royal authority.

⚔️ Sword

Defence of justice and sovereignty,
Readiness to protect Iran.
Timeline
Period Development
12th century Lion and Sun motif appears in Persian art and astrology
Safavid era Used on banners and coins
Qajar era Becomes Iran\'s national emblem
1906 Officially incorporated into Iran\'s constitutional tricolour flag
1925–1979 Used as Iran\'s official state flag under the Pahlavi dynasty
After 1979 Replaced by the Islamic Republic emblem

Whether viewed as a historical national emblem, a monarchical symbol, or a modern opposition flag, the Lion and Sun remains one of the most recognisable and debated symbols in Iranian history.